The advice is mostly reasonable. The certainty is not earned.
Almost every practical recommendation in circulation was established in a population that does not resemble the people now following it.
Clinical Trials in 2025
Page 8 of 11 of this archive, newest first.
STEP 8 misses on a secondary endpoint the coverage has not mentioned
A design note rather than a result: what the comparator was, and what that permits you to conclude.
The precision question nobody puts to a body-composition report
A body-composition report gives four decimal places and no confidence interval. That is the whole difficulty in one sentence.
STEP 2 extension data: what happens after the trial stops
A design note rather than a result: what the comparator was, and what that permits you to conclude.
Two sessions a week, and the evidence behind the prescription
One randomised trial has combined a GLP-1 receptor agonist with supervised exercise. Its result is the single most useful piece of evidence in this area.
Vitamin D, adiposity, and a volume-of-distribution problem
Reduced intake is a plausible mechanism for deficiency. Reduced absorption is not, and the two are conflated in most of the advice.
What the pharmacokinetics permit and what they cannot tell you
A great deal of practice has grown up around intermittent schedules. The randomised evidence for any of them is, as far as the Journal can establish, nil.
SURPASS-3 misses on a secondary endpoint the coverage has not mentioned
A design note rather than a result: what the comparator was, and what that permits you to conclude.
SURMOUNT-OSA misses on a secondary endpoint the coverage has not mentioned
A design note rather than a result: what the comparator was, and what that permits you to conclude.
SURPASS-3 extension data: what happens after the trial stops
A design note rather than a result: what the comparator was, and what that permits you to conclude.
What TRIUMPH-1 tells us about maintenance, and what it does not
Dose reduction is not withdrawal, and the trials that tested withdrawal cannot be read as testing it.
TRIUMPH-3 extension data: what happens after the trial stops
A design note rather than a result: what the comparator was, and what that permits you to conclude.
STEP 5 misses on a secondary endpoint the coverage has not mentioned
A design note rather than a result: what the comparator was, and what that permits you to conclude.
SURPASS-3 misses on a secondary endpoint the coverage has not mentioned
A design note rather than a result: what the comparator was, and what that permits you to conclude.
The advice is mostly reasonable. The certainty is not earned.
The gap between a defensible recommendation and a confident one is where most of the harm in this subject lives.
A year after stopping: what the trials found at the far end
The variance around the mean regain trajectory is large and unexplained, exactly as it is for the weight loss.
REWIND misses on a secondary endpoint the coverage has not mentioned
A design note rather than a result: what the comparator was, and what that permits you to conclude.
STEP 3 extension data: what happens after the trial stops
A design note rather than a result: what the comparator was, and what that permits you to conclude.
STEP 3 misses on a secondary endpoint the coverage has not mentioned
A design note rather than a result: what the comparator was, and what that permits you to conclude.
Falling ferritin is not always falling iron
Three different explanations for the same abnormal number, and how to tell them apart.