A reference interval is not a target, and a result outside one is not a diagnosis
The arithmetic of the reference change value, worked for the analytes that matter here.
Nutrition
Page 3 of 11 of this archive, newest first.
What actually helps, ranked by evidence
We separate what is supported, what is reasonable, and what is folklore, and we do not pretend the boundaries are crisp.
What actually helps, ranked by evidence
Dietary measures are widely recommended, plausible on mechanism, and supported mainly by observational data and clinical experience.
What the anaesthetists said, and then said again
A drug that delays gastric emptying complicates the assumption behind every fasting instruction in perioperative medicine. The professional bodies have moved twice on this…
The one randomised trial that combined an incretin with supervised exercise
Mass and function are different endpoints and training affects them differently. Most coverage treats them as one.
The effect profile, predicted from an expression map
The receptor populations that produce satiety and the ones that produce nausea overlap substantially. That is why the ceiling of this drug class is where it is, and it is…
The mechanism behind the mechanism
The clinical effect profile is almost fully predictable from where the receptor is expressed, which is unusual and useful.
Residual stomach content on endoscopy: the studies
Holding a dose before a procedure has a kinetic problem: a weekly drug with a seven-day half-life cannot be cleared by skipping one injection.
The mechanism behind the mechanism
The clinical effect profile is almost fully predictable from where the receptor is expressed, which is unusual and useful.
The interventions with trial support, and the much longer list without
Almost nothing in the standard management repertoire has been tested in a randomised trial in this specific population. We say what is extrapolated and from where.
Falling ferritin is not always falling iron
A substantial proportion of the abnormal results generated during rapid weight loss are consequences of the weight loss rather than findings about the person.
What a low result means when intake has halved
Reduced intake is a plausible mechanism for deficiency. Reduced absorption is not, and the two are conflated in most of the advice.
What the trials counted as intolerance
We set out the questions that distinguish a symptom to manage from a dose to change.
How much of retatrutide weight loss can any instrument actually attribute?
The instrument determines the answer more than the drug does, and the trade quotes the answer without naming the instrument.
The incidence tables, read line by line
Almost every figure in circulation about tolerability comes from six publications. This is what they say.
Percentage of loss, absolute kilograms, and the sleight of hand between them
What was pre-specified, what was exploratory, and what was calculated afterwards by people who did not run the trial.
Delayed emptying explains some of this, and not all of it
The receptor populations that produce satiety and the ones that produce nausea overlap substantially. That is why the ceiling of this drug class is where it is, and it is…
How much of cagrilintide weight loss can any instrument actually attribute?
The compartment called lean mass contains water, glycogen, viscera and skin. Only some of it is the tissue anybody is worried about.
What the older diet-and-exercise trials found in the hip
The evidence base is one secondary analysis, several small studies and a large amount of extrapolation from bariatric surgery.
Percentage of loss, absolute kilograms, and the sleight of hand between them
A substudy powered to describe a mean is not a substudy powered to detect a clinically meaningful individual change.